INC 2278 Scale Inhibitor Intermediate is a phosphate ester product developed for scale inhibitor formulations. This product is supplied as the partially neutralized organic acid (sodium salt) for preparation of finished products by the formulator.Finished formulations made with INC 2278 will provide inhibition of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium or Barium Sulfate scales at concentrations between 0.5 to 10 ppm, depending on the severity of the scale problem.

Functions: Scale Inhibitor Intermediate

Chemical Family: Phosphate Esters

End Uses: Scale Inhibitor

Features: Prevents Carbonate Scale Formation, Prevents Sulfate Scale Formation

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Technical Data

Identification & Functionality

Features & Benefits

Applications & Uses

Markets
Applications
Industrial Additives End Use
Use Level
8 - 16 gallons
Usage Information
  • Formulations based on INC 2278 do not offer the thermal stability of either the phosphonates or the acrylates, having a maximum temperature tolerance of approximately 170 ºF; thereafter exhibiting thermal degradation. However, INC 2278 is a better overall inhibitor in that it can successfully inhibit the formation and deposition of the three major oilfield scales - Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Sulfate, and Barium Sulfate - at lower ppm than either the phosphonates or the acrylates.
  • Formulations of INC 2278 have been successfully used in squeeze applications, both in singlecomponent blends, or in combination with INC 2241, or INC 2213. In the presence of limestone, INC 2278 will precipitate a slightly soluble calcium salt, which will slowly feed back into the wellbore, protecting against the formation and subsequent deposition of mineral scales in the downhole surfaces.
  • A typical formulation of INC 2278 may consist of between 8 to 16 gallons of INC 2278 in water. INC 2278 is already partially neutralized to a pH of 4.5, such that it is not absolutely necessary to further neutralize finished products based on this intermediate. If higher pH levels are required, formulations may be further neutralized with caustic soda, or caustic potash, the pH dependent on the solubility characteristics desired. It has been our experience that at lower pH values (3 to 5), finished formulations will exhibit a better tolerance to high-calcium content in produced waters.
  • We recommend that finished formulations of any scale inhibitor be tested to determine its solubility in any given water to be treated.

Properties

Physical Form
Soluble In
Insoluble in
Diesel Oil, Crude Oil, Heavy Aromatic Solvent
Soluble in
Fresh Water, High TDS Brine
Physical Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
pH Value (5%/DI Water)4.0 - 5.0--
Specific Gravity (at 60°F)1.45--
Calcium Tolerancemax. 11,000mg/L-
Density12.09lbs/gal-
Flash Pointmin. 200°F-
Pour Point-10°F-